The article summarizes information about formation and development of the scientific school led by academician A.P. Nesterov, who studied glaucoma and made discoveries of global significance. The data provided includes his books, which offer fundamental knowledge on the etiology, pathogenesis, and classification of glaucoma. It tells about the students of A.P. Nesterov, who headed the ophthalmology departments at the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University as well as other Russian and international universities and have continued his work by educating young doctors and scientists, conducting research, publishing monographs, and providing cutting-edge care for glaucoma patients.