The article is devoted to the analysis of the scientific, clinical, pedagogical and organizational activities of Professor Valentin Mikhailovich Buyanov. The article provides an overview of profound contributions of the Professor and his research group to heart surgery, pancreatic care, endoscopic and ultrasound imaging, practical lymphology, as well as purulent and septic surgery. The key milestones in VM Buyanov’s career are outlined, detailing his studies in aortic prosthetics and establishing guidelines for applying flexible endoscopy in emergency medical settings. The role of the Professor and his followers in the development of surgery of the abdominal cavity and peripheral vessels, diagnosis and treatment of purulent and septic diseases is shown. VM Buyanov made significant contributions to both the research and teaching efforts as Head of the Department of General Surgery of the Therapeutic Faculty of the Second Moscow Order of Lenin State Medical Institute (2-nd MOLSMI) named after NI Pirogov, which is currently known as Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. The text emphasizes the current evolution of the VM Buyanov scientific school at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. Operating within the Department of General Surgery, the team is led by Professor GV Rodoman and actively preserves the clinical, academic, and scientific traditions established by VM Buyanov. The text details the activities of the departmental team at Moscow clinical bases, where they implement programs in minimally invasive surgical techniques, lower extremity vascular surgery, and coloproctology development. The document outlines the staff’s contributions to international scientific literature and their participation in worldwide surgical associations. The authors emphasize the need to uphold the continuity of prior research and to implement Professor VM Buyanov’s scientific discoveries into contemporary clinical practice and educational programs. Since 2024, the Department of General Surgery at the Pirogov University Institute of Surgery has been officially renamed in honor of Professor VM Buyanov, recognizing his profound impact on Russian healthcare.