The article analyzes various aspects of the scientific heritage of Academician Yu.M. Lopukhin. The authors characterized his role in the development of topographic anatomy and operative surgery. The article also reflects the concept developed by Yu.M. Lopukhin regarding the issues of transplantology. This paper reveals the importance of his scientific works and organizational efforts for the development of immunology and the educational process in general at the 2nd MOLGMI named after N.I. Pirogov. The authors managed to characterize the role of Academician Lopukhin in the formation of efferent medicine and hemosorption methods. The article examines his contribution to the humanitarization of medical education and his role in the education of the younger generation of doctors.