Annotation. One of the tasks of the national security of the Russian Federation in the field of healthcare and the health of the nation is the training of qualified medical personnel. Despite the measures taken by the state, there is a problem of shortage of medical personnel, due to the fact that medical university students cannot withstand the academic load, do not master the amount of knowledge necessary for medical practice, and leave the profession. The purpose of the study is to systematize scientific approaches to the problem of adaptation of students of higher medical educational institutions to learning. Materials and methods of research. An analysis of the scientific literature on the problem of adaptation of medical university students to learning was carried out using an electronic database of scientific publications: articles, reviews and brief reports of the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). The electronic search was carried out using the RSCI rubricator with the keyword “student adaptation” for the period from 1999 to 2023. It is shown that the studies presented in the scientific literature on the problem of adaptation of medical university students to learning widely cover the relevance of this problem, but are fragmented in nature. Risk factors for the formation of maladjustment have not been sufficiently systematized. There are practically no evidence-based methods for verifying educational stress (both philological and psychological aspects). Methods for preventing maladjustment among medical students have not been sufficiently developed from a scientific point of view. Taking into account the fact that the training of qualified medical personnel is one of the tasks of the national security of the Russian Federation in the field of healthcare and the health of the nation, a targeted scientific study of the issues of adaptation of students, development of measures to prevent maladjustment to preserve and strengthen the personnel potential of Russian healthcare, without which it is impossible to maintain health, are proposed and well-being of Russian citizens.