The modern understanding of a scientific school is the formation by a team of scientists of different statuses and ages of new knowledge, style of thinking and action in approaches to solving scientific problems. The article presents the creation of the first Faculty Therapy Clinic by E.V. Gauthier on the basis of the Higher Women's Courses (now RNRMU named after N.I. Pirogov) in the City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after. N.I. Pirogov (Moscow), and then the formation of a scientific team, which, under the leadership of Academician A.I. Nesterov was able to gain fame for the high level of research in the field of therapy and rheumatology both in the USSR and in the world. Scientific school of academician A.I. Nesterov today is the preservation of traditions, the continuity of generations in the formation of scientific and pedagogical personnel of the University and healthcare, this is leadership and recognition in the Russian and international medical community.