The article provides an overview of the main characteristics of distance learning, discusses its main features and forms (synchronous, asynchronous, mixed), advantages and disadvantages, the roles of the student and teacher in it, possible technical difficulties in its implementation. The approach to the application of distance learning at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University is described. The RNIMU distance learning system, its tasks, the types of virtual objects used in teaching students physics and mathematics, and ways to monitor their knowledge are examined in detail. It is concluded that the use of distance learning using professionally developed additional educational materials available to students remotely can be useful as part of students’ independent work when studying physics and mathematics and increasing their motivation to learn.