The article is devoted to the collection and methods of making preparations of the anatomical museum of the Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery named after Academician Yu. M. Lopukhin, Institute of Anatomy and Morphology named after Academician Yu. M. Lopukhin, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian National Research Medical University named after. N.I. Pirogov Ministry of Health of Russia founded in 1989. The museum's fund consists of natural preparations made by employees and students of the department at different periods of time since 1906, when the Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy under the leadership of Professor F. A. Rein was founded at the Faculty of Medicine of the Moscow Higher Women's Courses. Among the exhibits of the anatomical museum of the department there are preparations with visual topography of various areas of the body in normal conditions and in the presence of various diseases, with examples of variant anatomy, congenital malformations and visualization of changes in the normal topographic-anatomical relationships of organs and structures after surgical operations. The museum's preparations are traditionally used by the department's teachers in the educational process of mastering topographic anatomy and operative surgery by students in the specialty programs "General Medicine", "Pediatrics", "Dentistry", "Fundamental Medicine". The positive experience of conducting training cycles for residents in the specialties “Ultrasound Diagnostics” and “Forensic Medicine” using museum preparations is described in order to improve topographic and anatomical knowledge for making and substantiating a diagnosis, detailing the features of the course of pathological processes and solving assigned professional tasks. The anatomical museum of the department has not only educational significance, but also instills in every student a sense of pride and patriotism, strengthens the inextricable connection between all generations of teachers and students of the university.