Examining the biographies of female physicians who were the first to advocate for higher education for women provides valuable insights into the history of Russian medicine. The careers of these female physicians may illustrate the changes within medical training in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as their growing involvement in scientific, pedagogical, and public spheres. This study examines and analyzes the life path of Maria Veniaminovna Raskina, a graduate of the Moscow Higher Courses for Women (MHCW), that demonstrates the professional development of a female doctor who received her medical degree in the Russian Empire. To clarify biographical details, we examined open sources, family archives, the MHCW graduation photo album, publications by M. V. Raskina, and information from bibliographic databases that allows you to reconstruct her scientific interests and professional social circle. The life of a pediatrician, researcher, and high school teacher M. V. Raskina is closely connected with the establishment of Pirogov University, the origins of which date back to the Moscow Higher Women’s Courses transitioning to the Faculty of Medicine at the 2nd Moscow State University before becoming the 2nd Moscow State Medical Institute. The fate of M. V. Raskina illustrates the continuity between the MHCW and the Soviet Higher Medical School and the role of a woman in the development of Russian medicine and medical pedagogy. She was a researcher whose commitment to the profession and scientific research was demonstrated through dedicated public service.
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The article considers the fundamental issue of inseparability of professional training and moral development within the system of higher medical education. The relevance of the study is driven by the challenges of the 21st century such as rapid expansion of information technologies, advancement of artificial intelligence and commercialization of healthcare. It necessitates the need to foster stable ethical guidelines among future specialists. It is explained that a modern medical career demands a synthesis of specialized knowledge and a broad, human-centric thought, ensuring both high performance and a strong sense of social duty. Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing the pedagogical and philosophical heritage of Pirogov NI. A detailed analysis of Pirogov’s concept of universal human upbringing is presented. The text highlights Pirogov’s focus on fostering inner human growth and cultural awareness, prioritizing it over narrow specialization. The article demonstrates how these ideals have been consistently upheld across generations of prominent Russian medical practitioners such as Mudrov MY, Petrov NN and Petrovsky BV, forming the foundation of the national deontological doctrine. Considerable attention was directed toward effective implementation of “Pirogov’s spirit” tenets within the modern academic landscape of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. It is concluded that fostering a new generation of medical intellectuals necessitates a synthesis of science, culture, and upbringing, ensuring they blend professional innovation with traditional humanistic values.
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The article provides a complex analysis of pressing issues associated with the professional development of medical university teachers in the presence of modern educational challenges. The study is based on surveys of academic staff from the Pirogov University that enabled to obtain up-to-date data regarding the current state of workforce capacity. The level of possessing by teachers the key professional competencies required for effective pedagogical and scientific activity has been reviewed. Special emphasis is given to finding the needs in continuing professional education and defining the basic barriers that hinder the professional growth of medical teachers with the predominance of organizational, psychological and methodological difficulties. The obtained data were analyzed, and a number of support measures aimed at professional development of teachers, evolution of digital skills and prevention of professional burnout of teachers were suggested. The importance of creating a motivating educational environment and implementation of flexible programs of advanced training that consider not only the specifics of work at a medical university, but also individual requests and possibilities of teachers has been stressed. The study results can be useful for heads of educational organizations, experts in teaching methodology and professionals who develop workforce in higher medical education.
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Anesthesiology and resuscitation (AR) are crucial among medical professions as their mastery requires high professionalism in three basic areas such as cognitive learning (knowledge), psychomotor (manual) skills and affective skills. Novel methods of interactive learning include online forums as social media where clinical issues and unordinary medical scenarios are discussed. Apart from positive aspects of modern training methods of AR professionals, negative aspects include excessive screen time. It results in vision impairment, headaches, increase of weight, obesity-related diseases, etc. During the last years, the issues of gender inequality, discrimination against women manifested in both micro and macro inequalities and medicine feminization are increasingly being raised globally while preparing AR professionals. Participation of students in research programs that allows primary access to new data, technologies, abilities and skills is essential for training of specialists. Apart from well-known and well-established methods of teaching professional mastery, AR faces some issues (educational research, gender-specific differences in teaching a profession, etc.) which currently remain out of sight of the professional community.
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